[toc]
linux系统与应用定制 linux 系统层面工作原结构
必需要熟悉系统启动流程
CentOS 6 系统启动流程
CentOS 7 系统启动流程
环境准备
服务器
系统环境
主机名
内核版本
必装环境
宿主机
CentOS 6.9
Node11
Kernel 2.6.32-696.el6.x86_64
Development Tools
制作机
ssjinyao Linux
Node21
Kernel linux-4.18.4
Busybox 1.29
将下载的包上传到服务器中
1 2 ~ ➤ scp ~/Downloads/linux-4.18.4.tar.xz root@node11:/usr/local/src/ ~ ➤ scp ~/Downloads/busybox-1.29.2.tar.bz2 root@node11:/usr/local/src/
安装宿主机所需要编译环境
1 [root@ssjinyao-node11:~]# yum groupinstall "Development tools" "Desktop Platform Development" -y
内核编译 解压文件 1 2 3 4 5 6 [root@ssjinyao-node11:~]# cd /usr/local/src/ [root@ssjinyao-node11:~]# ln -s linux-4.18.4 linux [root@ssjinyao-node11:~]# cd linux [root@ssjinyao-node11:~]# make help # 查看make帮助 # 如果在centos不能解压时，需要执行 # yum -y install xz 因为在CentOS 6 的环境中 tar 解压xz文件调用的是xz命令
1 2 3 4 [root@ssjinyao-node11:/usr/local /src/linux] [root@ssjinyao-node11:/usr/local /src/linux]
默认配置
全局配置
kernel-config-general-setup
kernel-config-enable-loadble-module
kernel-config-device-drivers
kernel-config-file-systems
详细配置与操作过程如下 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 * 启用 64 -bit kernel # 让内核支持 64 位架构 * 启用 Enable loadable module support # 支持内核模块装载 * 点进 Enable loadable module support --> Module unloading # 让内核支持动态装卸载 * 点进 Enable loadable module support --> Module signature verification # 让内核校验装载的模块是否是已经认证的公司，避免内核被污染，以确保内核层面的安全 * 点进 Processor type and features --> processor family (Generic-x86-64 ) ---> Generic-x86-64 # 支持通用cpu，当然也可以对应选则适合自己的 * 点进 Processor type and features --> Symmetric multi-processing support # 支持多核cpu * 点进 Bus options (PCI etc.) --> PCI support # 选中支持 * 启用 Enable the block layer # 选中支持 * 点进 Device Drivers --> SCSI device support # 选中支持 * 点进 Device Drivers --> SCSI disk support # 选中支持 * 点进 Device Drivers --> Fusion MPT device support（启用） ---> Fusion MPT ScsiHost drivers for SPI # 选中支持 * 点进 Device Drivers --> Fusion MPT device support（启用） ---> Fusion MPT ScsiHost drivers for SAS # 选中支持 * 点进 Device Drivers --> Fusion MPT device support（启用） ---> Fusion MPT misc device (ioctl) driver # 选中支持 * 点进 Device Drivers --> Fusion MPT device support（启用） ---> Fusion MPT logging facility # 选中支持 * 点进 Device Drivers --> Input device support ---> Keyboards (NEW) (启用 ) ----> <*> AT keyboard (NEW) # 选中支持 * 点进 Device Drivers --> Input device support ---> Mouse interface # 选中支持 * 点进 Device Drivers --> Input device support ---> Provide legacy /dev/psaux device # 选中支持 * 点进 Device Drivers --> USB support ---> Support for Host-side USB # 选中支持 * 点进 Device Drivers --> USB support ---> Enable USB persist by default (NEW) # 选中支持 * 点进 Device Drivers --> USB support ---> xHCI HCD (USB 3.0 ) support # 选中支持 * 点进 Device Drivers --> USB support ---> Generic xHCI driver for a platform device # 选中支持 * 点进 Device Drivers --> USB support ---> EHCI HCD (USB 2.0 ) support # 选中支持 * 点进 Device Drivers --> USB support ---> Root Hub Transaction Translators # 选中支持 * 点进 Device Drivers --> USB support ---> Improved Transaction Translator scheduling (NEW) # 选中支持 * 点进 Device Drivers --> USB support ---> OHCI HCD (USB 1.1 ) support # 选中支持 * 点进 Device Drivers --> USB support ---> OHCI support for PCI-bus USB controllers (NEW) # 选中支持 * 点进 Device Drivers --> Generic Driver Options ---> Maintain a devtmpfs filesystem to mount at /dev # 选中支持 * 点进 Device Drivers --> Generic Driver Options ---> Automount devtmpfs at /dev, after the kernel mounted the rootfs # 选中支持 * 点进 File systems --> Second extended fs support # 选中支持 * 点进 File systems --> Ext2 extended attributes # 选中支持 * 点进 File systems --> Ext2 POSIX Access Control Lists # 选中支持 * 点进 File systems --> Ext2 Security Labels # 选中支持 * 点进 File systems --> The Extended 3 (ext3) filesystem # 选中支持 * 点进 File systems --> Ext3 POSIX Access Control Lists # 选中支持 * 点进 File systems --> Ext3 Security Labels # 选中支持 * 点进 File systems --> The Extended 4 (ext4) filesystem # 选中支持 * 点进 File systems --> Ext4 POSIX Access Control Lists # 选中支持 * 点进 File systems --> Ext4 Security Labels # 选中支持 * 点进 File systems --> Ext4 Encryption # 选中支持 * 点进 File systems --> XFS filesystem support # 选中支持 * 点进 File systems --> XFS Quota support # 选中支持 * 点进 File systems --> XFS POSIX ACL support # 选中支持 * 点进 File systems --> XFS Realtime subvolume support # 选中支持 * 点进 File systems --> XFS online metadata check support # 选中支持 * 点进 File systems --> XFS online metadata repair support # 选中支持 * 点进 File systems --> XFS Debugging support # 选中支持 * 点进 File systems --> XFS fatal asserts (NEW) # 选中支持 # 注：这里选择文件系统时可以选择自己常用的一种就好，我这里为方便以后使用，都加入进去了 # 一般xfs 文件系统类型是目前性能最好的文件系统，而ext3 ext4 则有较成熟的数据恢复技术，如ext3grep * 点进 Executable file formats / Emulations --> Kernel support for ELF binaries # 选中支持 * 点进 Executable file formats / Emulations --> Kernel support for scripts starting with #! # 选中支持，即文件系统shell支持机制 * 点进 Executable file formats / Emulations --> Kernel support for MISC binaries # 选中支持 * Networking support (启用) --> Networking options ---> TCP/IP networking # 选中支持，为以后做实验或者使用方便。将TCP/IP networking 下面的核心项即tcp/ip 与devel项安装 * Device Drivers --> Network device support ---> Ethernet driver support (NEW) ----> (启用) ----> Intel devices (NEW) (启用) -----> Intel (R) PRO/1000 Gigabit * * Device Drivers --> Network device support ---> Ethernet driver support (NEW) ----> (启用) ----> AMD devices (启用) -----> AMD相关的我这里全部勾选 Ethernet support # 添加模块 , 其它的所有 Ethernet driver support 可以取消，依据自己的需求选则 * 点进 General setup --> (huatu-ssjinyao-kernel) Local version - append to kernel release # 点加Kernel release * 点进 General setup --> (huatu-ssjinyao) Default hostname
编译内核是个比较复杂的过程，这里的大家如果一直编译不成功，或者编译完内核后不有成功启动系统
建立可以使用的内核配置模板
1 # cp kernel-config-ok-net-all-ok /usr/local/src/linux/.config # 可以使用这个模板来进行编译生成内核文件
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 [root@ssjinyao-node11:/usr/local/src/linux-4.18 .4 ]# cat init/main.c | grep -C 8 ' !try_to_run_init_process("/etc/init")' if (execute_command) { ret = run_init_process(execute_command); if (!ret) return 0 ; panic("Requested init %s failed (error %d)." , execute_command, ret); } if (!try_to_run_init_process("/sbin/init" ) || !try_to_run_init_process("/etc/init" ) || !try_to_run_init_process("/bin/init" ) || !try_to_run_init_process("/bin/sh" )) return 0 ; panic("No working init found. Try passing init= option to kernel. " "See Linux Documentation/admin-guide/init.rst for guidance." ); } [root@ssjinyao-node11:/usr/local/src/linux-4.18 .4 ]# pwd /usr/local/src/linux-4.18 .4 # 注: 通过查看这段内核源码，则可以看到系统启动时查到init的流程 先找 /sbin/init --> 若不存在 再找 /etc/init --> 若不存在 再找 /bin/init --> 若不存在 再找 /bin/sh --> 若不存在 启动报内核恐慌 当然也可以在grub 的配置文件中指定 init= 来指定init的位置
1 2 3 [root@ssjinyao-node11:/usr/local/src/linux]# make -j 4 bzImage [root@ssjinyao-node11:/usr/local/src/linux]# du -sh arch/x86/boot/bzImage 3.0M arch/x86/boot/bzImage
编译单个网卡模块 1 2 3 4 5 [root@ssjinyao-node11:/usr/local/src/linux]# ls drivers/net/ethernet/intel/e1000/ e1000_ethtool.c e1000.h e1000_hw.c e1000_hw.h e1000_main.c e1000_osdep.h e1000_param.c Makefile root@ssjinyao-node11:/usr/local/src/linux]# ls drivers/net/ethernet/intel/e1000/e1000.ko drivers/net/ethernet/intel/e1000/e1000.ko # insmod /lib64/modules/e1000.ko
安装 编译安装busybox 因静态编译依赖于软件包 glibc-static, 因此在编译busybox时需要安装 glibc-static
1 2 3 4 [root@ssjinyao-node11:/usr/local/src]# tar -xvf busybox-1.29.2.tar.bz2 [root@ssjinyao-node11:/usr/local/src]# cd busybox-1.29.2 [root@ssjinyao-node11:/usr/local/src]# yum -y install glibc-static [root@ssjinyao-node11:/usr/local/src/busybox-1.29.2]# make menuconfig
1 2 3 Settings --> --- Build Options 标题栏中 Build static binary (no shared libs) # 选中支持 Settings --> --- Installation Options ("make install" behavior) What kind of applet links to install (as soft-links) ---> 这个默认的 as soft-links 就可以了 Settings --> --- Installation Options ("make install" behavior) (./_install) Destination path for 'make install' ---> 这个也选用默认的编译安装完到默认当前路径
1 make install # 注编译出错的时候要去了 Coreutils --> sync 后面需要再同步过去
利用busybox 制作initrd 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 [root@ssjinyao-node11:/usr/local/src/busybox-1.29.2]# mkdir /tmp/busybox [root@ssjinyao-node11:/usr/local/src/busybox-1.29.2]# cp -a ./_install/* bin/ linuxrc sbin/ usr/ [root@ssjinyao-node11:/usr/local/src/busybox-1.29.2]# cp -a ./_install/* /tmp/busybox/ [root@ssjinyao-node11:/usr/local/src/busybox-1.29.2]# cd /tmp/busybox/ [root@ssjinyao-node11:/tmp/busybox]# [root@ssjinyao-node11:/tmp/busybox]# mkdir -pv proc sys etc/init.d tmp dev mnt/sysroot [root@ssjinyao-node11:/tmp/busybox]# vim init #!/bin/ash echo -e "\t\033[32m Now start init and switch root ! \033[0m " mount -t proc proc /proc mount -t sysfs sysfs /sys mdev -s mount -t xfs /dev/sda2 /mnt/sysroot exec switch_root /mnt/sysroot /sbin/init [root@ssjinyao-node11:/tmp/busybox]# chmod +x init [root@ssjinyao-node11:/tmp/busybox]# mknod dev/console c 5 1 [root@ssjinyao-node11:/tmp/busybox]# mknod dev/null c 1 3 [root@ssjinyao-node11:/tmp/busybox]# find . | cpio --quiet -H newc -o | gzip -9 -n > ./huatu-ssjinyao-initrd.gz [root@ssjinyao-node11:/tmp/busybox]# du -sh huatu-ssjinyao-initrd.gz 1.3M huatu-ssjinyao-initrd.gz
安装grub,整合内核与initrd 此时将宿主机关掉，挂载一块scsi磁盘，用于将grub,内核,initrd写嵌入
注意: 现在挂载磁盘一定是要和宿主机共享磁盘，不然的话信息不会实时同步 ;
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 [root@ssjinyao-node11:~] NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 500M 0 part /boot └─sda2 8:2 0 19.5G 0 part ├─vg_ssjinyaonode11-lv_root (dm-0) 253:0 0 17.6G 0 lvm / └─vg_ssjinyaonode11-lv_swap (dm-1) 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP] sdb 8:16 0 38G 0 disk
由上可以看出，已经添加了一块磁盘 sdb,将磁盘分区并挂载至/mnt目录下boot,与sysroot
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 [root@ssjinyao-node11:~]# mkdir /mnt/{boot,sysroot} [root@ssjinyao-node11:~]# fdisk /dev/sdb Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x42ed0c1e. Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable. Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite) WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u'). Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 1 First cylinder (1-4960, default 1): 1 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-4960, default 4960): +300M Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 2 First cylinder (40-4960, default 40): 40 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (40-4960, default 4960): 4960 Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks. [root@ssjinyao-node11:~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1 [root@ssjinyao-node11:~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb2
1 2 3 4 5 6 # mkdir /mnt/{boot,sysroot} # mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/boot # mount /dev/sdb2 /mnt/sysroot [root@ssjinyao-node11:~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/boot/ [root@ssjinyao-node11:~]# mount /dev/sdb2 /mnt/sysroot/ [root@ssjinyao-node11:~]# cd /tmp/busybox/
将编译好的内核与制作好的initrd入到boot启动目录
1 2 [root@ssjinyao-node11:/tmp/busybox]# cp huatu-ssjinyao-initrd.gz /mnt/boot/ [root@ssjinyao-node11:~]# cp /usr/local/src/linux/arch/x86/boot/bzImage /mnt/boot/huatu-ssjinyao-kernel
安装 grub 至新添加的硬盘
1 [root@ssjinyao-node11:/tmp/busybox]# grub-install --root-directory=/mnt/ /dev/sdb
提供 grub 配置文件
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 [root@ssjinyao-node11:/mnt/sysroot]# vim /mnt/boot/grub/grub.conf default 0 timeout 3 color light-green/black light-magenta/black title huatu-ssinyao-kernel 4.18.5 root (hd0,0) kernel /huatu-ssjinyao-kernel ro root=/dev/sda2 vga=877 quiet initrd /huatu-ssjinyao-initrd.gz
vga=877 这里是根据我的屏目分辨率而调整的适应的;
如，这里的我的分辨率是 1400x900，这里选的是36D，再将16进制36D转换为十进制数，即是我在grub.conf
其它项配置项
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 default 配置这个项目为0默认启动项; timeout 配置超过3秒不选则，则自动选则第一个title启动; color 配置grub菜单栏颜色; title 配置启动项标题; root (hd0,0) 配置root先识别第一块盘的第一个分区; kernel 配置指定启动内核，这里即是我们编译好的内核，root 指定启动后的根分区; initrd 配置启动虚根，与第一个进程;
建立真实文件系统 1 2 3 [root@ssjinyao-node11:/mnt/sysroot]# cp /usr/local/src/busybox-1.29.2/_install/* . -a [root@ssjinyao-node11:/mnt/sysroot]# rm -f linuxrc [root@ssjinyao-node11:/mnt/sysroot]# mkdir -pv etc dev proc sys bin sbin usr/{bin,sbin,lib,lib64,local} lib64 lib/modules home var/{log,run,lock} tmp mnt media root boot
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 [root@ssjinyao-node11:/mnt/sysroot]# vim etc/inittab # console:respawn:-/bin/ash # tty1::askfirst:/bin/ash # tty2::askfirst:/bin/ash # tty3::askfirst:/bin/ash ::sysinit:/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit ::respawn:/sbin/getty 9600 tty1 ::respawn:/sbin/getty 9600 tty2 ::respawn:/sbin/getty 9600 tty3 ::respawn:/sbin/getty 9600 tty4 ::respawn:/sbin/getty 9600 tty5 ::respawn:/sbin/getty 9600 tty6 ::respawn:/sbin/getty 9600 tty7 ::ctrlaltdel:/sbin/reboot ::shutdown:/bin/umount -a -r &> /dev/null [root@ssjinyao-node11:/mnt/sysroot]# chmod +x etc/inittab
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 echo -e "\t welcome to \033[31m HuaTu SSJinYao \033[0m Linux" mount -t proc proc /proc mount -t sysfs sysfs /sys echo "scan /sys and to populate to /dev..." mdev -s mount -o remount,rw /dev/sda2 / echo "mounting all filesystems..." mount -a ifconfig eth0 10.180.66.31 netmask 255.255.255.0 ifconfig lo 127.0.0.1 route add default gw 10.180.66.2 echo -e "\033[31m Start Network Manager.........................\033[0m \033[32m [OK] \033[0m" /usr/local /sbin/dropbear -E -F &> /var/log /dropbear/sshd.log & echo -e "\033[31m Start dropbear sshd ..........................\033[0m \033[32m [OK] \033[0m" /usr/local /nginx/sbin/nginx echo -e "\033[31m Start Nginx Service ..........................\033[0m \033[32m [OK] \033[0m" /usr/local /keepalived/sbin/keepalived -D -S 0 -f /usr/local /keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf echo -e "\033[31m Start Keepalived Service .....................\033[0m \033[32m [OK] \033[0m" rsync.sh &> /dev/null & echo -e "\033[31m Start Rsync Service ..........................\033[0m \033[32m [OK] \033[0m" echo -e "\033[31m \ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - \ ** ** // // ** ** ****** ****** ** ** ******* //** ** ****** ****** **//// **//// /**/**//**///** //*** //////** **////** //***** //***** /**/** /** /** /** ******* /** /** /////** /////** **/**/** /** /** ** **////** /** /** ****** ****** //*** /** *** /** ** //********//****** ////// ////// /// // /// // // //////// ////// \\ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - \\ \033[0m"
建系统系统挂载目录 fstab
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 [root@ssjinyao-node11:/mnt/sysroot]# mkdir /dev/pts # 注: 在此之前一定要有 dev/pts 目录 [root@ssjinyao-node11:/mnt/sysroot]# vim etc/fstab sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts mode=620 0 0 /dev/sda1 /boot xfs defaults 0 0 /dev/sda2 / xfs defaults 0 0
添加登录后脚本/etc/profile
1 2 export PS1='[\[\033[01;36m\]\u\[\033[00m\]@\[\033[01;34m\]\h\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;32m\]\w\[\033[00m\]]\[\033[01;34m\]\$\[\033[00m\] ' export PATH=/usr/local /bin:/usr/local /sbin/:/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin
1 2 3 4 5 6 [root@ssjinyao-node11:/mnt/sysroot]# vim etc/shells /bin/sh /bin/ash /bin/hush /bin/bash /sbin/nologin
1 2 3 4 5 [root@ssjinyao-node11:/mnt/sysroot]# etc/nsswitch.conf passwd: files grup: files shadow: files hosts: files dns
编译安装dropbear 注 dropbear 可以在dropbear官网 下载
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 [root@ssjinyao-node11:/usr/local/src]# tar -xvf dropbear-2018.76.tar.bz2 [root@ssjinyao-node11:/usr/local/src]# cd dropbear-2018.76 [root@ssjinyao-node11:/usr/local/src/dropbear-2018.76]# make PROGRAMS="dropbear dbclient dropbearkey dropbearconvert scp" install [root@ssjinyao-node11:/mnt/sysroot]# cd /mnt/sysroot/etc/dropbear/ [root@ssjinyao-node11:/mnt/sysroot/etc/dropbear/]# openssl passwd -1 -salt $(openssl rand -hex 4) [root@ssjinyao-node11:/mnt/sysroot/etc/dropbear/]# dropbearkey -t rsa -s 2048 -f dropbear_rsa_host_key [root@ssjinyao-node11:/mnt/sysroot/etc/dropbear/]# dropbearkey -t dss -f dropbear_dss_host_key [root@ssjinyao-node11:/mnt/sysroot/etc/dropbear/]# dropbear -E -F 启动
移植系统认证、登录、解析相关的依赖库 1 2 3 4 5 6 [root@ssjinyao-node11:/mnt/sysroot] mkdir usr/lib64/ [root@ssjinyao-node11:/mnt/sysroot] cp -d /lib64/libnss_files* lib64/ [root@ssjinyao-node11:/mnt/sysroot] cp -d /usr/lib64/libnss3.so usr/lib64/ [root@ssjinyao-node11:/mnt/sysroot] cp -d /usr/lib64/libnss_files.so* usr/lib64/ [root@ssjinyao-node11:/mnt/sysroot] cp -d /lib64/libresolv* lib64/ [root@ssjinyao-node11:/mnt/sysroot] cp -d /lib64/libnss_dns* lib64/
编译安装nginx 1 2 3 4 5 [root@ssjinyao-node11:/usr/local/src]# cd /usr/local/src/ [root@ssjinyao-node11:/usr/local/src]# tar -xvf nginx-1.14.0.tar.gz ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --user=root --group=root [root@ssjinyao-node11:/usr/local/src]# cp -a /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/sbin/ [root@ssjinyao-node11:/usr/local/src]# cp -a /usr/local/nginx/ /mnt/sysroot/usr/local/
编译安装inotify并移植 1 2 3 4 5 [root@ssjinyao-node11:/usr/local]# cd /usr/local/src/ [root@ssjinyao-node11:/usr/local/src]# tar -xvf inotify-tools-3.14.tar.gz [root@ssjinyao-node11:/usr/local/src]# cd inotify-tools-3.14 [root@ssjinyao-node11:/usr/local/src/inotify-tools-3.14]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/inotify/ [root@ssjinyao-node11:/usr/local/src/inotify-tools-3.14]# cp -a /usr/local/inotify/ /mnt/sysroot/usr/local
编译安装keepalived 注: keepalived 依赖net-tools psmisc 两个工具包，因此需要将这两个工具包的命令移植
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 [root@laoba-10-17:/usr/local/src/linux-4.18.5]# rpm -ql net-tools | grep bin && rpm -ql psmisc | grep bin /bin/netstat /sbin/arp /sbin/ether-wake /sbin/ifconfig /sbin/ipmaddr /sbin/iptunnel /sbin/mii-diag /sbin/mii-tool /sbin/nameif /sbin/plipconfig /sbin/route /sbin/slattach /usr/bin/killall /usr/bin/peekfd /usr/bin/prtstat /usr/bin/pstree /usr/bin/pstree.x11 /usr/sbin/fuser
1 2 3 4 5 [root@ssjinyao-node11:/usr/local/src]# tar -xvf keepalived-2.0.6.tar.gz [root@ssjinyao-node11:/usr/local/src]# cd keepalived-2.0.6 [root@ssjinyao-node11:/usr/local/src]# cp /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/ [root@ssjinyao-node11:/usr/local/src/keepalived-2.0.6]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived/ [root@ssjinyao-node11:/usr/local/src]# cp -a /usr/local/keepalived/ /mnt/sysroot/usr/local
编写bincp 脚本 ldd 命令可以查看命令所依赖的库的位置
1 [root@ssjinyao-node11:/mnt/sysroot]# ldd /bin/cp
编写脚本，将需要的命令同步到/mnt/sysroot 目录
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 [root@ssjinyao-node11:/mnt/sysroot] [root@ssjinyao-node11:/mnt/sysroot] [root@ssjinyao-node11:/mnt/sysroot] echo "acquiesce copy bin file in /mnt/sysroot!! " MNT="/mnt/sysroot" BIN_FILE $file ` [ -e $MNT ] || mkdir -p $MNT [ -e $MNT$bindir ] || mkdir -p $MNT$bindir if [ -e $MNT$file ] ; then echo "you will copy bin file exsit !" else cp $file $MNT$bindir fi } LIB_FILE $file | grep -Eo "/.*lib(64){0,1}/[^[:space:]]{1,}" ` for lib64 in $lib ; do libdir=`dirname $lib64 ` if [ ! -e $MNT$libdir ]; then mkdir -p $MNT$libdir elif [ -e $MNT$lib64 ] ; then echo "you will copy lib file exsit " && continue else cp $lib $MNT$libdir fi done } read -p "please input your will copy bin file name,or input quit quitng: " BINuntil [ $BIN == 'quit' -o $BIN == 'q' ]; do ! which $BIN 2> /dev/null && read -p "you input command no exsit,please again input or input quit ,quiting " BIN && continue file=`which --skip-alias $BIN 2> /dev/null | grep "/.*[^[:space:]]" ` BIN_FILE $BIN && LIB_FILE $BIN read -p "continue!,or input quit ,quting: " BINdone
1 2 3 4 # chmod +x /root/bincp.sh && cp /root/bincp.sh /bin [root@ssjinyao-node11:/usr/local/src]# bincp.sh acquiesce copy bin file in /mnt/sysroot!! please input your will copy bin file name,or input quit quitng:
需要移植的命令有
1 bash dropbear ssh scp rysnc dbclient dropbearconvert dropbearkey genhash nginx 等等
利上这个脚本将自己需要的命令拷贝到/mnt/sysroot中
添加root用户
1 2 3 4 # adduser root # passwd root 这里要注意把 root id 在 /etc/passwd 中改0 在Linux内核中，系统权限只对应id
微系统 keepaived+nginx+rsync+inotify的实现 keepalived+nginx+rsync+intofity 在之前的文章中有实现
系统启动后如下图
