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友链

MariaDB之基于openssl的主从复制

数据库

发布于：2018年2月7日

字数：2k 字

时长：11 分钟

[toc]

一、配置openssl

1、 在master server(node0)上根CA的搭建(及生成自签名证书)

[root@node0 ~]# cd /etc/pki/CA/
[root@node0 CA]# (umask 077;openssl genrsa -out private/cakey.pem 2048)
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus
.................+++
..................+++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
[root@node0 CA]# touch index.txt 
[root@node0 CA]# echo 01 > serial
[root@node0 CA]# openssl req -new -x509 -key private/cakey.pem -out ./cacert.pem -days 3650
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) []:BJ
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:BJ
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:rj
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:rj
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:www.rj.com
Email Address []:

2、为master主机生成密钥，并名为之签名

[root@node0 CA]# cd /etc/my.cnf.d/
[root@node0 my.cnf.d]# (umask 077;openssl genrsa -out master.key 2048)
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus
...............................................+++
................+++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
[root@node0 my.cnf.d]# openssl req -new -key /etc/my.cnf.d/master.key -out /etc/my.cnf.d/master.csr
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) []:BJ  
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:BJ
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:rj
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:rj
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:www.rj.com
Email Address []:
 
Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:
An optional company name []:

3、根CA签发master请求

[root@node0 my.cnf.d]# openssl ca -in master.csr -out master.crt -days 3650
Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
Certificate Details:
        Serial Number: 1 (0x1)
        Validity
            Not Before: Feb 16 06:55:06 2017 GMT
            Not After : Feb 14 06:55:06 2027 GMT
        Subject:
            countryName               = CN
            stateOrProvinceName       = BJ
            organizationName          = rj
            organizationalUnitName    = rj
            commonName                = www.rj.com
        X509v3 extensions:
            X509v3 Basic Constraints: 
                CA:FALSE
            Netscape Comment: 
                OpenSSL Generated Certificate
            X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: 
                B4:A1:66:8C:5B:2B:F9:59:9D:F6:4F:F7:35:72:E2:87:9C:A5:95:F9
            X509v3 Authority Key Identifier: 
                keyid:71:DD:03:78:51:12:5F:58:C2:1B:53:76:A0:2B:E9:BF:60:D8:67:36
 
Certificate is to be certified until Feb 14 06:55:06 2027 GMT (3650 days)
Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y
 
 
1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y
Write out database with 1 new entries
Data Base Updated

4、为slave结点(node1)配置openssl

[root@node1 CA]# cd /etc/my.cnf.d/
[root@node1 my.cnf.d]# (umask 077;openssl genrsa -out slave.key 2048)
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus
.............+++
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................+++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
[root@node1 my.cnf.d]# openssl req -new -key slave.key -out slave.csr
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) []:BJ
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:BJ
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:rj
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:rj
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:www.rj.com
Email Address []:
 
Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:
An optional company name []:
[root@node1 my.cnf.d]# scp slave.csr node0:/tmp
The authenticity of host 'node0 (172.16.23.10)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is 2b:98:49:35:5b:78:24:ed:f0:ab:fa:54:b1:8e:df:29.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added 'node0,172.16.23.10' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@node0's password: 
slave.csr

5、为slave结点签发请求

[root@node0 my.cnf.d]# mv /etc/pki/CA/serial /root/
[root@node0 my.cnf.d]# mv /etc/pki/CA/index.txt /root/
[root@node0 my.cnf.d]# touch /etc/pki/CA/index.txt
[root@node0 my.cnf.d]# echo 01 > /etc/pki/CA/serial
[root@node0 my.cnf.d]# openssl ca -in /tmp/slave.csr -out slave.crt -days 3650
Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
Certificate Details:
        Serial Number: 1 (0x1)
        Validity
            Not Before: Feb 16 07:07:14 2017 GMT
            Not After : Feb 14 07:07:14 2027 GMT
        Subject:
            countryName               = CN
            stateOrProvinceName       = BJ
            organizationName          = rj
            organizationalUnitName    = rj
            commonName                = www.rj.com
        X509v3 extensions:
            X509v3 Basic Constraints: 
                CA:FALSE
            Netscape Comment: 
                OpenSSL Generated Certificate
            X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: 
                A5:FE:11:EB:4D:B5:F1:85:61:E7:18:E3:1D:B7:25:C6:1B:24:97:AF
            X509v3 Authority Key Identifier: 
                keyid:71:DD:03:78:51:12:5F:58:C2:1B:53:76:A0:2B:E9:BF:60:D8:67:36
 
Certificate is to be certified until Feb 14 07:07:14 2027 GMT (3650 days)
Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y
 
 
1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y
Write out database with 1 new entries
Data Base Updated
[root@node0 my.cnf.d]# scp slave.crt node1:/etc/my.cnf.d/
slave.crt                                                                                                                                                    100% 4382     4.3KB/s   00:00    
# 此时主从结点的证书都已经准备好

二、配置mariadb主从服务器

1、工作拓扑图

2、主服务器配置

[root@node0 ~]# yum -y install mariadb
[root@node0 my.cnf.d]# vim /etc/my.cnf
将mysqld段中的配置修改为以下内容
 
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
symbolic-links=0
innodb-file-per-table = ON
skip-name-resolve = ON
server-id = 1 
log-bin = master-log
ssl
ssl_ca=/etc/my.cnf.d/cacert.pem 
ssl_cert=/etc/my.cnf.d/master.crt
ssl_key=/etc/my.cnf.d/master.key 
[root@node0 my.cnf.d]# cp /etc/pki/CA/cacert.pem  .
[root@node0 my.cnf.d]# chown mysql.mysql cacert.pem master.*
[root@node0 my.cnf.d]# systemctl start mariadb

3、从服务配置

[root@node0 ~]# yum -y install mariadb
[root@node0 my.cnf.d]# vim /etc/my.cnf
将mysqld段中的配置修改为以下内容
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
symbolic-links=0
skip_name_resolve = ON 
relay-log = relay-log
server-id = 2 注id号不能与主服务的一样
ssl
ssl-ca = /etc/my.cnf.d/cacert.pem
ssl-cert = /etc/my.cnf.d/slave.crt
ssl-key = /etc/my.cnf.d/slave.key
[root@node0 my.cnf.d]# scp /etc/pki/CA/cacert.pem node1:/etc/my.cnf.d/
cacert.pem 
[root@node1 my.cnf.d]# cd /etc/my.cnf.d/ && chown mysql.mysql cacert.pem slave.*
[root@node1 my.cnf.d]# systemctl start mariadb

4、主服务器授权一个用户可连接mysql拉取二进制文件

MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE,REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO 'rj'@'172.16.23.11' IDENTIFIED BY 'centos.123' REQUIRE ssl;

5、配置从服务器连接到主服务器，并拉取数据

先查看主结点的二进制日志

MariaDB [(none)]>  SHOW MASTER STATUS; 
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File              | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| master-log.000007 |      342 |              |                  |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
MariaDB [(none)]> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='172.16.23.10', MASTER_USER='rj', MASTER_PASSWORD='centos.123', MASTER_LOG_FILE='master-log.000007', MASTER_LOG_POS=245, MASTER_SSL=1, MASTER_SSL_CA='/etc/my.cnf.d/cacert.pem', MASTER_SSL_CERT='/etc/my.cnf.d/slave.crt', MASTER_SSL_KEY='/etc/my.cnf.d/slave.key';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
查看主从服务器的openssl的是用否用
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%ssl%';
+---------------+--------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value                    |
+---------------+--------------------------+
| have_openssl  | YES                      |
| have_ssl      | YES                      |
| ssl_ca        | /etc/my.cnf.d/cacert.pem |
| ssl_capath    |                          |
| ssl_cert      | /etc/my.cnf.d/master.crt |
| ssl_cipher    |                          |
| ssl_key       | /etc/my.cnf.d/master.key |
+---------------+--------------------------+
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%ssl%';
+---------------+--------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value                    |
+---------------+--------------------------+
| have_openssl  | YES                      |
| have_ssl      | YES                      |
| ssl_ca        | /etc/my.cnf.d/cacert.pem |
| ssl_capath    |                          |
| ssl_cert      | /etc/my.cnf.d/slave.crt  |
| ssl_cipher    |                          |
| ssl_key       | /etc/my.cnf.d/slave.key  |
+---------------+--------------------------+

6、启用从服务器

MariaDB [(none)]> START SLAVE;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
 
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW SLAVE STATUS \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 172.16.23.10
                  Master_User: rj
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: master-log.000007
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 245
               Relay_Log_File: relay-log.000003
                Relay_Log_Pos: 530
        Relay_Master_Log_File: master-log.000007
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes  注:IO SQL这两项表示主从同步已经正学进行
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
              Replicate_Do_DB: 
          Replicate_Ignore_DB: 
           Replicate_Do_Table: 
       Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error: 
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 245
              Relay_Log_Space: 818
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File: 
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: Yes
           Master_SSL_CA_File: /etc/my.cnf.d/cacert.pem
           Master_SSL_CA_Path: 
              Master_SSL_Cert: /etc/my.cnf.d/slave.crt
            Master_SSL_Cipher: 
               Master_SSL_Key: /etc/my.cnf.d/slave.key
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error: 
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error: 
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: 
             Master_Server_Id: 1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

7、由于从服务器只能读，所以需要开启mariadb的只读

MariaDB [(none)]>  SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'read_only';
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| read_only     | ON    |
+---------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> SET GLOBAL read_only=ON;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

8、openssl进行测试

[root@node1 my.cnf.d]# mysql -urj -pcentos.123 -h172.16.23.10 --ssl-ca=/etc/my.cnf.d/cacert.pem --ssl-cert=/etc/my.cnf.d/slave.crt --ssl-key=/etc/my.cnf.d/slave.key
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 7
Server version: 5.5.44-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server
 
Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
 
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
 
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW DATABASES;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| test               |
+--------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

9、主从同步测试

MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE node0create;在主服务上创建了一个库
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW DATABASES; 在从服务器上也可以查看到了
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| node0create        |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
+--------------------+

更新于：2023年1月16日

linux

sre

database

字数：2k 字

时长：11 分钟

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